# Timeline Timeline of the events surrounding the "Investiture Controversy" | Dates | Major Events | | ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1046 | Synod of Sutri: three rival popes are deposed | | 1049‒1054 | Pope Leo IX (Bruno of Toul) reigns | | 1049 | Council of Reims | | 1053 (Jun.) | Battle of Civitate | | 1054 | Schism with Eastern Church at Constantinople | | 1056 (5 Oct.) | Death of Emperor Henry III | | 1056‒1065 | Minority of Henry IV | | 1057 | *Pataria* movement first active in Milan | | 1057‒1058 | Pope Stephen IX (Frederick of Lorraine) | | 1059‒1061 | Pope Nicholas II (Gerard of Burgundy) | | 1059 | Papal election decree establishes role of the cardinals | | 1059 | Treaty of Melfi between Nicholas II and the Normans of southern Italy | | 1061‒1073 | Pope Alexander II (Anselm of Lucca) | | 1061‒1064 | Cadalus of Parma (anti-pope) | | 1066 (27 Jun.) | Assassination of *Arialdo*, leader of the Milanese Pataria | | 1066 (14 Oct.) | Norman conquest of England | | 1073‒1075 | Saxon rebellion against Henry IV | | 1073‒1085 | Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand) reigns | | 1075 | I Lenten Synod at Rome (possibly first lay investiture prohibition) | | 1075 | Henry IV appoints Tedald archbishop of Milan as well as bishops of Fermo and Spoleto | | 1075 (Dec.) | Gregory VII's letter (3.10) to Henry | | 1076 (24 Jan.) | Synod of Worms: German bishops call for Gregory to step down | | 1076 (14‒22 Feb.) | II Lenten Synod at Rome: Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV and bishops at Worms | | 1076 (27 Apr.) | Bishop William of Utrecht dies a month after pronouncing excommunication of Gregory VII | | 1076 (Oct.) | Henry negotiates with princes at Tribur-Oppenheim | | 1077 (25‒28 Jan.) | Encounter at Canossa | | 1077 | Ramihrd executed as a heretic at Cambrai; Gregory VII excommunicates those involved | | 1077 (13 Mar.) | Election of Rudolf of Rheinfelden as (anti-)king at Forchheim | | 1078 (7 Aug.) | Battle of Mellrichstadt | | 1080 (27 Jan.) | Battle of Flarchheim | | 1080 (Mar.) | Second excommunication of Henry IV | | 1080 (25 Jun.) | Council of Brixen: Gregory VII deposed and Wibert of Ravenna elected as Clement III | | 1080 (15 Oct.) | Battle of the Elster: Rudolf dies of wounds received | | 1080 (Oct.) | Battle of Volta Mantovana | | 1081 (Aug.) | Hermann of Salm elected as king by the opposition to Henry IV | | 1081‒1084 | Henry IV's second Italian expedition | | 1084 (Mar.) | Henry IV enters Rome, installs Clement III and is crowned emperor | | 1084 (2 Jul.) | Battle of Sorbaria | | 1084 (Jul.) | Norman sack of Rome; Gregory VII flees to Salerno | | 1085 (25 May) | Death of Gregory VII | | 1086 (11 Aug.) | Battle of Pleichfeld | | 1086‒1087 | Pope Victor III (Desiderius of Montecassino) | | 1087 (30 May) | Conrad, son of Henry IV, crowned co-king of Germany | | 1088 (28 Sept.) | Death of Hermann of Salm (anti-king) | | 1088‒1099 | Pope Urban II (Odo of Lagery) | | 1090‒1111 | Ivo, bishop of Chartres | | 1090‒1097 | Henry IV's third Italian expedition | | 1093‒1109 | Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury | | 1093 | Conrad, son of Henry IV, rebels against his father in Italy | | 1095 (1‒7 Mar.) | Council of Piacenza: Reform program renewed | | 1095 (Nov.) | Council of Clermont: First Crusade is announced | | 1099 (Jul.) | First Crusaders capture Jerusalem from the Fatimid Caliphate | | 1099‒1118 | Pope Paschal II (Ranierius of San-Clemente) | | 1100 (Aug.) | Henry I becomes king of England after the death of his brother, William Rufus | | 1100 (Sept.) | Death of Wibert/Clement III | | 1100‒1101 | Theoderic of Albano chosen to succeed Clement III | | 1102 | Albert of Silva Candida chosen as (anti-)pope by cardinals supportive of Clement III | | 1103 (Jan.) | Imperial Peace declared at Mainz | | 1105 | Rebellion of Henry V against his father | | 1105 (23 Dec.) | Henry V imprisons his father near Mainz | | 1105‒1111 | Maginulf of San-Angelo chosen as (anti-)pope | | 1106 (22 Mar.) | Battle of Visé: Henry IV's forces defeat those of his son | | 1106 (7 Aug.) | Death of Henry IV | | 1106 | Investiture settlement in France | | 1106 (Aug.) | Louis VI becomes king of France after his father's death | | 1107 (Aug.) | Investiture settlement in England | | 1111 (Feb.) | Negotiations at Sutri between Paschal II and Henry V | | 1111 (Apr.) | Henry V extracts the "praevilegium" from Paschal II and is crowned emperor | | 1114 (Jan.) | Marriage of Henry V and Mathilda of England | | 1115 (24 Jul.) | Death of Mathilda, countess of Tuscany | | 1115 | Death of Tanchelm, wandering preacher active the Low Countries | | 1118‒1119 | Pope Gelasius II (John of Gaeta) | | 1118 | Mauritius Burdinus of Braga is established as (anti-)pope Gregory VIII by Henry V | | 1119‒1124 | Pope Calixtus II (Guy, archbishop of Vienne) | | 1119 | Council of Reims-Mouzon | | 1122 (Sept.) | Concordat of Worms | | 1123 | First Lateran Council ratifies the Concordat | | 1124 | Death of Calixtus II | | 1125 | Death of Henry V | --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. 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